Ser Piero da Vinci (1429-1504), son of Antonio da Vinci (1373-1469) and Lucia (1393-after 1469); his uncle Francesco da Vinci adopted him and through this act removed the stigma of his beloved nephew's illegitimate birth; Leonardo da Vinci should never forget what his uncle did for him, Francesco da Vinci was his "real father", and as it was tradition at his time he gave his first son the name of his "father" Francesco. The second son was named after his grandfather Antonio.

Caterina or Chateria, with whom Leonardo's father had a short love affair; she married Achattabriga di Piero del Vaccha in 1457

his Half-siblings:

from the third marriage of his father to Marguerita di Francesco di Jacopo di Guglielmo (1458 - c. 1486):

1. his half-brother Antonio, born in 1476, deceased in 1490
2. his half-sister Maddalena, born and deceased in 1477
3. his half-brother Giuliano, born in 1479, deceased after 1519
4. his half-brother Lorenzo, born in 1484, deceased around 1486
5. his half-sister Violanta, born in 1485, deceased after 1504
6. his half-brother Domenico, born in 1486, deceased after 1504

from the fourth marriage of his father to Lucrezia di Guglielmo Cortigiani (1464-after 1520):

7. his half-sister Margherita, born in 1491, deceased after 1504
8. his half-brother Benedetto, born in 1492, deceased after 1504
9. his half-brother Pandolfo, born in 1494, deceased after 1504
10. his half-brother Guglielmo, born in 1496, deceased after 1504
11. his half-brother Bartolomeo, born in 1497, deceased after 1529
12. his half-brother Giovanni, born in 1498, deceased after 1513
13. his illegitimate half-brother Gian Giacomo Caprotti, called Salaì, born in 1480, deceased in 1524
14. his illegitimate half-brother Lorenzo, born in 1487/88, deceased after 1513

Isabella of Aragon (1470-1524), Duchess of Milan (clandestine marriage in 1497)

two sons and three daughters: Francesco, born in 1498, Giovanna, born in 1502, Maria, born in 1503, Antonio, born in 1506, and Isabella, born in 1510

• Maike Vogt-Luerssen: Wer ist Mona Lisa? Identifizierung einer Unbekannten mit Hilfe historischer Quellen 2018
• Discovery of a New Selfportrait of Leonardo da Vinci!
• Maike Vogt-Luerssen: The Sforza III: Isabella of Aragon – and her Court Painter Leonardo da Vinci (in German). Norderstedt 2010
• Leonardo da Vinci, das Château du Cloux (heute Clos Lucé genannt) und das Schloss von Amboise
• Artikel: Exklusives Interview mit Mona Lisa (in English)